State and Local E-cigarette Bans: Fragmented Management Becomes the Norm While there is no federal-wide ban, state and local e-cigarette bans have been increasing in number and influence
The FDA specifically named fruit and mint flavors as drivers of youth use of e-cigarettes
Levying an excise tax allows a state to recover the costs related to these externalitiesthereby internalizing them
Of 19 occupational fatalities of children under the age of 16, nearly three-quarters were in agriculture.[159] Child occupational deaths in agriculture were most often caused by driving trucks and farm vehicles or operating farm machinery.[160] In addition to the 28 fatal injuries, there were more than 1,800 nonfatal injuries to children under 18 working on US farms in 2012.[161] According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the factors putting children at high risk for work-related injuries include: biologic and psychosocial contributorssuch as inadequate fit, strength, and cognitive abilities to perform certain tasks,[162] rapidly growing organ and musculoskeletal systems, which may make them more likely to be harmed by exposure to hazardous substances or to develop cumulative trauma disorders, and less experience, training, and knowledge about how to work safely, what their rights are, and what they are not legally allowed to do.[163] Repetitive Motions and Lifting Heavy Loads Repetitive Motions Children interviewed by Human Rights Watch described performing prolonged repetitive motions for extended periods of time, including working bent over at the waist, twisting their wrists to top tobacco plants, reaching above their heads, and crawling on hands and knees to remove weeds or uproot one tobacco plant where two had grown together
